Indus Valley Civilization in the Mature Harappan Phase (2600-1900 BCE). Image Wikimedia
The civilization likely ended due to climate change. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 25 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. They are also noted for their baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large, nonresidential buildings.Įvidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were thought to be the two great cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Little is understood about the Indus script, and as a result, little is knoripwn about the Indus River Valley Civilization’s institutions and systems of governance. The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity.
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